RICE CROP

v Cultivation Practices:

A. Soil Requirement =

The three best different type of soils suitable rice farming. They are following:

·      Clayey loam

·      Riverine alluvial

·      Podzolic alluvium

P.H.= 5.5-6.5

B.                    Climatic requirement:

·      Temperature: 21-30 degree.

Rain fall: 100-200 mm.

Relative humidity:  60-80%

C.                    Sowing time:

·      In early sowing time: May-June

·      In rainy season sowing time: June-July

·      In summer season sowing time: November-December

D.                    Spacing:

·      Row to row :15-30cm

E. Seed rate: 30-250 kg/ha.

F. Field Preparation:

·      Field sanitation:

o  Remove all unwanted weeds present in the field.

·      Pre-irrigation:

o  Flooding irrigation provide in the field 2-3 days before first ploughing.

o  It helps to provide proper moister to the soil and also help to prepare field for sowing/transplanting.

·      First Ploughing:

o  Ploughing may be done by the traditional method and also mechanical method.

o  In traditional method with the help of animal and drawn plough can be done.

o  On the other hand, in mechanical method with the help of machinery like tractor can be done the ploughing.

o  The depth of ploughing should be 10-15 cm maintain.

·      Flooding:

o  After ploughing, the field is flooded for about 2-3 weeks to kill insects and weeds.

o  Some weeds may be germinated but these will be destroyed at the time of second ploughing.

Levelling:

Levelling is usually done in two phases:

o  A 1^st rough levelling to lower the higher parts of the field, from which soil will be spread out over the lower areas.

o  A 2^nd more precise levelling after ploughing and flooding

Source of content: R I C E H U B

G.                                                                  Irrigation practices:

·      During 1^st week just wet the soil by thin film of water.

·      Depth of irrigation may be increased to 2.5cm progressively along the crop age.

·      Provide adequate drainage facilities to drain excess water or strictly follow irrigation schedule of one day after disappearance of ponded water.

·      Last irrigation may be 15 days before harvest.

H.                                                                  Weed management:

Culture method

·      Ensure through land preparation.

·      Summer ploughing.

·      Rain water conservation, preparation of stale seeded before sowing.

·      Timely sowing of crop.

·      Line sowing at recommended spacing to facilitate inter-weeding operation.

Chemical method

·      Pre emergence herbicide has been mixed with 50kg of dry sand on the day of application (3-4 DAT) and applied uniformly to the field with thin film water on 3^rd DAT. Water should not be drained for next 2days from the field or fresh irrigation should not be given.

·      Pre emergence application (PE) of pretilachlor @750 g/ha at 3DAT followed by early emergence application of Chlorimuron methyl + Mestsulfuron methyl @4g/ha on 25 DAT.

·      PE butachlor 0.75 kg/ha-1+bensulfuron methyl 50 g ha-1 on 3 DAT + HW on 45 DAT.

Chemical method content resource: Weed Management :: Rice (tnau.ac.in)

I.    Harvesting:

·      Rice harvesting can be done when the moisture content of the, grain is reduced to 20-25%.

·      Rice ready for harvest when the grains are full but not cracking, with yellow hulls, and the stalks of the plant are slightly bent.

·      The rice plants reach maturity at around 105-150 days after crop sowing.

J. Yield:  3-6 tons grain/ha